awalnya komputasi di amerika pada tahun 1950

komputasi pn berkembang

• Sepasang IBM 7090 komputer membantu dalam desain dan

pengujian mesin roket yang nantinya akan mengambil laki-laki untuk
Bulan dan belakang

• dari empat orang terlihat di sini, dua adalah karyawan

IBM, bukan NAB

pada sekitar tahun1940-1990

• transformasi komputer pada akhir 1940-an dari instrumen khusus untuk ilmu pengetahuan untuk sebuah produk komersial,
• munculnya sistem kecil di akhir 1960

• munculnya komputasi personal dalam 1970
• penyebaran jaringan setelah tahun 1985.

ini adalah orang pencetus komputasi modern

Sejarah Von Neumann

Von Neumann dilahirkan di Budapest, Hungaria pada 28 Desember 1903 dengan nama Neumann Janos. Dia adalah anak pertama dari pasangan Neumann Miksa dan Kann Margit. Di sana, nama keluarga diletakkan di depan nama asli. Sehingga dalam bahasa Inggris, nama orang tuanya menjadi Max Neumann. Pada saat Max Neumann memperoleh gelar, maka namanya berubah menjadi Von Neumann. Setelah bergelar doktor dalam ilmu hukum, dia menjadi pengacara untuk sebuah bank. Pada tahun 1903, Budapest terkenal sebagai tempat lahirnya para manusia genius dari bidang sains, penulis, seniman dan musisi.

Von Neumann juga belajar di Berlin dan Zurich dan mendapatkan diploma pada bidang teknik kimia pada tahun 1926. Pada tahun yang sama dia mendapatkan gelar doktor pada bidang matematika dari Universitas Budapest. Keahlian Von Neumann terletak pada bidang teori game yang melahirkan konsep seluler automata, teknologi bom atom, dan komputasi modern yang kemudian melahirkan komputer. Kegeniusannya dalam matematika telah terlihat semenjak kecil dengan mampu melakukan pembagian bilangan delapan digit (angka) di dalam kepalanya.

Setelah mengajar di Berlin dan Hamburg, Von Neumann pindah ke Amerika pada tahun 1930 dan bekerja di Universitas Princeton serta menjadi salah satu pendiri Institute for Advanced Studies.

Dipicu ketertarikannya pada hidrodinamika dan kesulitan penyelesaian persamaan diferensial parsial nonlinier yang digunakan, Von Neumann kemudian beralih dalam bidang komputasi. Sebagai konsultan pada pengembangan ENIAC, dia merancang konsep arsitektur komputer yang masih dipakai sampai sekarang. Arsitektur Von Nuemann adalah komputer dengan program yang tersimpan (program dan data disimpan pada memori) dengan pengendali pusat, I/O, dan memori.

berdasarkan beberapa definisi di atas, maka komputasi modern dapat diartikan sebagai suatu pemecahan masalah berdasarkan suatu inputan dengan menggunakan algoritma dimana penerapannya menggunakan berbagai teknologi yang telah berkembang seperti komputer.

Tugas PKB : Buatlah naskah/script yang terdiri dari :
1. jalur/track
2. role/peran
3. property/pendukung
4. kondisi input
5. adegan/ scene minimal 5 adegan dg perinciannya tiap adegan
6. hasil

Script atau naskah merupakan skema representasi pengetahuan yang sama dengan frame, yaitu merepresentasikan pengetahuan berdasarkan karakteristik yang sudah dikenal sebagai pengalaman-pengalaman. Perbedaannya frame menggambarkan obyek, sedangkan script menggambarkan urutan peristiwa. Dalam menggambarkan urutan peristiwa, script menggunakan slot yang berisi informasi tentang orang, objek, dan tindakan-tindakan yang terjadi dalam suatu peristiwa.
Berikut elemen script :
1. jalur/track, yaitu variasi yang mungkin terjadi dalam suatu script
2. role/peran, yaitu peran yang dimainkan oleh seseorang dalam peristiwa
3. property, berisi objek-objek pendukung yang digunakan selama peristiwa terjadi
4. kondisi input, yaitu kondisi yang harus dipenuhi sebelum terjadi atau berlaku suatu peristiwa dalam script
5. scene, yaitu adegan yang dimainkan yang menjadi bagian dari suatu peristiwa
6. hasil, yaitu kondisi yang ada setelah urutan peristiwa dalam script terjadi.

Pada tugas kali ini saya akan membuat script kejadian saat ” menabung di bank alciput internasional.”
Jalur (track) : menabung uang di bank alciput internasional
Role (peran) : penabung,kasir,satpam
Property (pendukung) :form menabung, pulpen, tiket,uang,dll,buku tabungan.
Kondisi input : penabung blom menisikan form pembayaran dan penabung langsung ke bank.

Adegan-1 : penabung sebelum masuk ke bank
- penabung menyiapkan uang yang ingin di tabung
- penabung menyiapakan buku tabungan

Adegan-2 : Penabung masuk ke bank
- Satpam membukakan pintu
- satpam memberikan salam
- satpam memberikan informasi yang di butuhkan penabunga
- satpam memberikan tiket

Adegan-3 : penabung mengambil form buat menabung
- penabung mengambil form untuk menabung yang sudah tersedia

Adegan-4 : penabung mengisi form manabung
- penabung mengambil pulpen yang tersedia
- penabung mengisi no rekening yang sudah tersedia di form menabung
- penabung mengisi jumlah yanga akan di tabungkan yang telahtersedia di form menabung
- penabung mengisi tanggal penabungan yang tersedia di form menabung
- penabung menandatangni form menabung yang telah tersedia di form menambung

Adegan-5 : penabung mengatri
- penabung duduk di ruang tunggu
- penabung menunggu no tiket yang dipanggil

adegan-6 : no tiket penabung
- penabung menuju ke tempat kasir yang memanggil no tiket penabung

adegan-7 : penabung menabung memlewati kasir
-kasir memberi salam ke penabung
-kasir mempersilakan penabung duduk
-kasir bertanya keperluan penabung
-penabung ingin menabung
-kasir meminta buku tabungan, form menabung yang telah di isi oleh penabung, dan uang yang ingin menabung.
-kasir mengupdate jumlah tabungan penabungan
-kasir mengprint buku tabungan penabung
-kasir memberikan buku tabungan penabung yang telah di print

adegan-8 :penabung sudah menabungkan uangnya
-pelangga meninggalkan meja kasir
-kasir memberikan salam
-penabung keluar dari bank
-satpam mebukakan pintu
-saptpam memberikan salam

Hasil
- Pasien menabungkan uangnya di bank alciput internasional

1. Goerge is cooking dinner tonight
Subject / verb / c / modifier time

2. Henry and Marcia have visited the president
Subject / verb / complement

3. We can eat lunch in this restaurant today.
S / v / c / m place & time

4. Pat should have bought gasoline yesterday
S / v / c / m

5. Trees grow
S / v

6. It was raining at seven o’clock this morning
s / v / m

7. She opened a checking account at the bank last week
S / v / c / m.place & time

8. Harry is washing dishes right now.
S / v / c / m

9. She opened her book
S / v / c

10. Paul, William, and Marry were watching television a few minutes ago
S / v / c / m

Lockerz is 100% legit! As a proof of legitimacy Lockerz.com, CEO, Kathy Savitt, has become Vice President at Amazon.com and CMO at American Eagle. Lockerz.com ’s major financial contributors are Liberty Media, an advertising company that supports Bodybuilding.com, QVC, and also has a major part of Time Warner. The following video is proof that Lockerz.com is a legitimate company

How to join

To join lockerz also can not arbitrary, there must be join a friend who had invited him to be.

Therefore, as a friend online, I would invite you if you are interested in this program.

Easy way please send an email with the title “I want to Join Lockerz” to alciput@gmail.com  I will immediately send an invitation to join the Lockerz.

The Hallay

The Hallway – This is your Lockerz homepage where you’ll find the update that was posted and Lockerz also Lockerz alerts. The sign tells you if a friend has joined, how many invites you far from becoming a Z Lister, and many more. I will tell you about the invite and become Z Lister later in this guide.

You’ll find the navigation bar at the top and a navigation bar at the bottom. One above you navigate through different parts Lockerz. Like the Connect page, PTZ place, and the 2 tabs that have not been released yet. At the bottom of the navigation pane, you will find things related Lockerz.com. Like the FAQ, about, privacy info, things in nature. The main part of the bottom of the navbar tab dailies. That is where you complete the daily questions PTZ. Keep reading for details about different parts Lockerz!

Connect

Connect – This page is dedicated solely to invite friends. This is where you would go if you want to invite as your friends. Enter your email address, write a personal message if you want, and press invited. A large part of the Connect page is that she track down the email you send to your friends. For example, he said that if they had not yet opened the email, and also said to give you the date when they opened it. It also gives you the ability to resend the invite if you want. When people sign up the status change from “Not acceptable” to “Accepted”, then give you a date when they sign up under you. Once they have registered with your Lockerz credited with 2 PTZ. So every time you invite your friends get 2 PTZ.

Z-List

Z-List – Once you have invited 20 of your friends and they have been fully registered, you will be placed on the Z List! Z Register Now what? “It’s a tight community in-the-know Lockerz members get first dibs on the hottest brands and exclusive access to the VIP experience, videos, music and games – all in one place” Because you are Z-Lister, you receive double the PTZ, VIP Shopping, and you get Lockerz Free T-Shirt! Also you get early access to new Lockerz.com release in October. So I will do my best to be a Z-Lister! Check the page for Lockerz Evidence for boxing from the list of Z-shirts. When you’ve reached the Z-List member, you will be in antrekan to get a T-Online …

How to get PTZ?
- Invite Friends
- Logging In Daily
- Daily Answer Questions (Answer can be points of origin jg, highlight participation)
- Watch Video, Listening to music, Playing Games
When released in Novemberl months ago, there would be a good Lockerz more than 15 ways to get PTZ.

How many PTZ I receive?

- 2 PTZ for each friend you invite
- 2 PTZ for watching videos, listening to music, and play
- 2 PTZ when you answer the daily questions and 2 PTZ to login
If you are a Z-Lister, so you get twice the PTZ. That means 4 PTZ for each time you complete the daily question, log in daily, watch videos, and invite a friend. In addition, Z-Lister entitled jg T-Shirt free Z-lister sent to your address, you’ll receive an email confirmation of each end of the month.

PTZ Place

PTZ Place – This is the part where you redeem Lockerz hard earned PTZ for your prizes! When you start collecting points, you will be able to go to great online shopping malls, and redeem your points for prizes! If you would like to see prizes offered Lockerz, head over to Lockerz Gift List.

1. Representasikan fakta berikut menggunakan logika predikat dan logika proposisi !

1)      Karjo adalah seorang laki-laki

2)      Karjo adalah orang jawa

3)      Karjo lahir tahun 1840

4)      Setiap laki-laki pasti akan mati

5)      Semua orang jawa mati pada saat krakatau meletus tahun 1883

6)      Setiap orang pasti mati setelah hidup lebih dari 150 tahun

7)      Sekarang tahun 2010

8)      Mati berarti tidak hidup

9)      Jika seseorang mati maka beberapa waktu kemudian dia pasti dinyatakan telah mati

2. Buktikan bahwa Karjo masih hidup atau mati saat ini !

Jawaban

• (Nilai NIL pada akhir proses pembuktian menunjukkan bahwa pembuktian sukses)
• Jadi, kesimpulannya : Karjo pada saat ini telah mati.

Ever see anything like this?,
for example when you are using the Internet at hotspots and hotspot conditions then again it quiet
but strangely when to download or to what aja who joined the Internet world would slow
because
in the hotspot of each user is set limits and bandwithnya bitrate,
well to overcome things like this do the following actions:

because the hotspot of each user is set limits and bandwithnya bitrate,
well to overcome things like this do the following actions:
1). Open Mozilla Firefox Browser
2). In the Address Bar type: ABOUT: CONFIG
3). Search string below: (make sure all srting under TRUE)

example replace:
Network.http.pipelining FALSE ==> right click and select Toggle
Network.http.pipelining TRUE
Network.http.pipelining.maxrequests 64
Network.http.proxy.pipelining TRUE
NETWORK.PROXY.SHARE_PROXY_SETTINGS FALSE <=== This must False 4). create a new srting how: Click the Left 1X Anywhere, Right click NEW>> INTEGER
5). Type: Rate nglayout.initialpaint.delay 0
6). Then Press the REFRESH or F5
7). In the Address Bar type: ABOUT: BLANK
. Click Menu:
For OS Windows XP TOOLS> OPTIONS>> WEB FEATURES
For OS Linux (Vector) EDIT>> PREFERENCES
For different settings on several OS EDIT>> ADVANCED
9). In Option:
Allow WEB SITES TO INSTALL SOFTWARE Give Signs Check Box To activate
10). Then Press OK Then REFRESH (F5)
11). Sign in to Link It:
https: / / addons.mozilla.org / extensions / moreinfo.php? applicati onfiltered = firefox & id = 125
or:
https: / / addons.mozilla.org / extensions / moreinfo.php? id = 125 & am p; applicationfiltered = firefox
12). Download Software SwitchProxy Tool Version 1.3.4
13). After Done Do not Press the Button UPDATE
14). Click the sign of X (close) What’s In the Upper Right Corner Of The POP UP Window Appears
15). Close All Browsers Mozilla FireFox,
16). Then Open Again To Switch Software SwitchProxy Tool Version 1.3.4 What’s the last Install
17). Kalo Installation Success, Will Appear Under additional Toolbar Toolbar Navigation & Address Bar.
18). Now Ready For Mozilla browser is used.
:: NOTE::
Software SwitchProxy Tool Version 1.3.4 This is in addition to Proxy Automatically Changing the Mozilla FireFox browser, it also Engine Impact of Internet Connection Speed
This way of Highly Effective When Used On The Solid Online Warnet for Sucking Bandwidth (Majority speed Internet access) Go to Who’s Your Computer Use
Significant Changes That Occurred In The Broadband Internet connection / VSAT

Spring is a lightweight framework based on the Dependency Injection (DI) pattern. It is lightweight because Spring uses POJO, which makes it very powerful and very easy to extend or implement.

Spring’s primary use is as a framework for enabling the use of Inversion of Control (IOC). It is also a powerful Java Enterprise application framework that provides a large number of features and services. Spring is initially a bit difficult to understand, but once mastered, you will see a great improvement in your productivity. For enterprise applications, Spring is an excellent tool because it is a complete, wellwritten, well-documented, scalable, and open source—with a lot of community support.

With Spring, you are able to inject all your classes directly into the container using an XML file. This means that the Spring container instantiates all classes and injects into others as defined by XML. You no longer have any dependency lookup problems.

Think of Spring as a container that assembles all your classes together and any part can easily be swapped out. Each part is just a plain Java object.

Without DI, you would have to create a layer that assembles everything, and probably you would also have to change the code for any environment because of the code embedded relationship between the different classes.

public class UserService (){

private UserDao userDao;

public UserService(){

userDao = new UserDao();

}

}

With DI, you solve this problem because you have to create a parameterized version of the same code, allowing it to accept injected classes

public class UserService (){

private UserDao userDao;

public UserService(UserDao userDao){

userDao = userDao;

}

}

But Spring is not just an IOC framework (though everything is based on the IOC framework). Spring provides services and resources for database connection pools, database transaction, security, messaging, caching, and much more. To manage the security of all your application with groups, roles, and permissions, for example, you only have to inject some classes into the Spring security framework.

Spring supports all major data access technologies such as JDBC, Hibernate, JPA, and Ibatis. For example, to query a database you don’t have to create the code to manage the connection, process the result set, and release the connection itself. All these processes are handled by Spring.

The typical architecture of a Spring application comprises a presentation layer that uses a service layer to communicate to the data access layer, which can deal with database, mail servers, or any other data containers, as shown in Figure 1-1.

Figure 1-1. Architecture of a Spring application

The presentation layer contains all views and components that are concerned with the presentation of the application to the user. Typically, the view is implemented with JSP or a similar technology; in this book we’ll use Flex.

The service layer represents the business logic of the application. All operations pass through the service layer. You can have different service layers for different services, such as UserServices, MailServices, and so on. In the upcoming chapters, you will learn how to expose the Java Spring service layer to Flex/AS, and to allow the presentation layer to use it.

The data access layer provides all methods to save, send, and retrieve data. Usually the data access layer works with the database, mail servers, .xml, or the file system.

As mentioned previously, Spring is based on a IoC container where all objects(beans) are instantiated. To help you understand this concept better, I’m going to use a basic IOC Flex container I wrote to inject different .xml files to different service layers. My application needed to provide different content to the view, such as video, images, and text, and everything is based on different XML files. At the time, I had to create the application as quickly as possible, and I had other applications to create, so the more code I could reuse and the faster I could deliver the project, the better I would be.

My goal was to create a container where I could inject the .xml files and relate them to the different content factories of the application. I copied precisely the Spring .xml syntax to make it readable by the Spring developer. Below is the application .xml file to show you how I injected the .xml files to the different content factories.

<beans>

<bean claz=”com.publicis.iocframework.core.XMLLoader”????

path=”articlesList.XML” />

XMLLoader is a core class of my IOC framework that loads XML from a given path.

<bean

claz=”com.publicis.articles.business.ArticlesServiceImpl”>

<constructorarg value=”articlesDao” ref=”articlesDao” />

</bean>

ArticlesServiceImpl is the application service layer, and you have to pass into the default

constructor the object type articlesDao.

<bean claz=”com.publicis.articles.dao.XML.ArticleDaoXML”>

<constructorarg value=”XMLArticlesList” />

</bean>

ArticlesDaoXML is the data access layer and you have to pass into the constructor an object XML type.

As you can see, I am able to inject classes and manage their dependencies directly from an XML file without recompiling and changing my code. Moreover, I can reuse the XmlLoader core class to load into the IOC container any XML file and reuse it for a different application. For example, I could pass the XmlArticlesList object to another object simply by adding a new XML tag like this:

<bean claz=”com.publicis.articles.dao.XML.mediaDaoXML”>

<constructorarg value=”XMLArticlesList” />

Dependency injection frameworks exist for a number of platforms and languages, such as AS, Flex, Java, C++, PHP, ColdFusion, Microsoft, .NET, Ruby, Python and Perl. Below is a table with the most popular IOC frameworks for AS, Flex, and Java.

]]> http://anarchy88.com/?feed=rss2&p=75 2 http://anarchy88.com/?p=68 http://anarchy88.com/?p=68#comments Tue, 16 Feb 2010 16:02:52 +0000 aldi http://anarchy88.com/?p=68

Ajax stands for Asynchronous JavaScript and XML. It means that you can combine HTML, JavaScript,and XML to create client Web applications that can interact with a server asynchronously. In practicalterms, it means your web page can load and send data to the server without needing to reload the page.

If you are coming from a Java POJO lightweight programming background, you may be wondering why you should have to learn a Flash-driven language when you already have thousands of productive “Java frameworks”. As I suggested earlier for the ActionScriptor, just give it a little time or one full project and you’ll reap the benefits. I have developed a lot using JavaScript and Ajax, and while JavaScript is improving day by day, it is still a scripting language. It supports just simple linear animations and it is not a strongly typed OO language.

Flex also supports vector graphics natively while Ajax has only limited support. Flex includes crossbrowser support, and much more. For example, debugging Flex is much easier than debugging JavaScript and if you fix something in one browser, you know it will be fixed in all browsers.

You can be much more productive with Flex, and produce code that is more elegant and maintainable. If you are coming from an OO environment, you will find Flex very easy to learn. If you are coming from scripting language background, Flex is likely to be harder than Ajax to learn, but you will ultimately be working in a much better environment. You will have a proper OO software design and reap all the benefits that this offers.

What is a distributed system
According wekipedia, distributed computing study coordinated use of the computer that is physically separated or distributed. Distributed systems requires different software with a centralized system.
As for other opinions:

A reply system components are located on computer networks. Tsb components communicate with each other & to coordinate only with sending messages (message passing) and has a coordination process through the exchange of synchronous or asynchronous message

Collection of independent computers that appear as a single user computer system

Collection of autonomic computers connected by a network with software designed to produce an integrated computing facility

Computer Network vs. Distributed Systems
? Computer networks

1. the autonomous commuter explicitly visible (explicitly teralamati)

? Distributed Systems

1. the existence of several autonomous computers is transparent
2. Normally, every distributed system relies on services provided by computer network
3. Some services on computer networks (such as, name service) is also a distributed system
4. Distributed Systems more problems faced by

Reasons for distributed systems
? Distribution function: the computer has the ability functions different
- Client / server
- Host / terminal
- Data gathering / data processing
? Load distribution / balance: giving tasks to the processor enough so that the performance of the entire
optimized system.
? The nature of the distributed application prevent domain, e.g.
- Cash register and inventory system for supermarkets,
- Computer support collaborative work

? replication processing power: independent processors working for the same job
- Distributed system consists of a collection of microcomputers have the processing power that can not be achieved by supercomputers
10,000 ? CPU, each running at 50 MIPS, MIPS reached 500,000,
- So one command executed in 0002 nsec
? Physical separation: systems that rely on the fact that computers are physically separated (eg, to achieve reliability).
? Economies: a collection of microprocessors offer price / performance is better than the mainframe

Examples of Distributed Systems

• Internet

• intranet

• mobile computing